{"cells":[{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"12b02b53","metadata":{},"source":["

Libraries and Packages

\n","
\n","

One of the most powerful parts of Python is the fact that there is so many libraries to import. We'll look at a few basic ones here and later we'll dig into a couple of more competent ones later; Matplotlib, Numpy and Pandas

\n","A quite commonly used one is random"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":1,"id":"c913485b","metadata":{"trusted":true},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["HomePod\n","HomePod, AppleTV, Airpods, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, \n","1.840643423811781\n","A random number: 12\n"]}],"source":["#Simple random pick\n","import random\n","gadgets = [\"iPhone\",\"Apple Watch\",\"iPad\",\"AppleTV\",\"HomePod\",\"Airpods\"]\n","print(random.choice(gadgets))\n","randomGadgets = random.shuffle(gadgets)\n","for g in gadgets:\n"," print(g,end=\", \")\n","print(\"\\n\", end=\"\")\n","\n","print(random.uniform(1.2,3.7))\n","\n","print(f\"A random number: {random.randint(1,20)}\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"3286d2ae","metadata":{},"source":["Sometimes we only need special parts of a library. When doing this, one can use the functions directly without reffering to the library."]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":2,"id":"598343a9","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["A random number in a Gauss Distribution with mu=5 and sigma=1.0: 4.489098359471905\n"]}],"source":["from random import gauss\n","print(f\"A random number in a Gauss Distribution with mu=5 and sigma=1.0: {gauss(5.0,2.0)}\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"9619ef6a","metadata":{},"source":["Another really handy library is statistics. This time we'll set a shorter name on the library."]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":1,"id":"8136b7ac","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["Mean: 3.6923076923076925, Standard dev: 1.7974340685458343\n"]}],"source":["import statistics as stat\n","values = [1,4,3,5,6,7,3,4,5,2,1,3,4]\n","print(f\"Mean: {stat.mean(values)}, Standard dev: {stat.stdev(values)}\")"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"1b6c9c1d","metadata":{},"source":["And why not some fractions"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":1,"id":"59dccb8b","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["-8/5\n","123\n","0\n","3/7\n","-3/7\n","-1/8\n","7/1000000\n","13/24\n"]}],"source":["#Using fractions\n","from fractions import Fraction\n","print(Fraction(16, -10))\n","print(Fraction(123))\n","print(Fraction())\n","print(Fraction('3/7'))\n","print(Fraction(' -3/7 '))\n","print(Fraction('-.125'))\n","print(Fraction('7e-6'))\n","print(Fraction('3/8')+Fraction('1/6'))"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":11,"id":"24637f24","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["1/2\n"]}],"source":["#Using fractions\n","from fractions import Fraction as bråk\n","print(bråk(4,8))\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"97a1528d","metadata":{},"source":["Sometimes it's convinient to get values from the list argv that we find in the sys library. This is the arguments you give at the end when running the script from the terminal.\n","
\n","One name:
\n","\n","
\n","More names:
\n",""]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"656e11fb","metadata":{},"source":["

Packages

\n","These are libraries that are available online from third party developers. A fun one is cowsay. Normally this has to be installed:
\n",""]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":6,"id":"41f47a2c","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":[" _____\n","| Hello |\n"," =====\n"," \\\n"," \\\n"," ^__^\n"," (oo)\\_______\n"," (__)\\ )\\/\\\n"," ||----w |\n"," || ||\n"," _____\n","| Hello |\n"," =====\n"," \\\n"," \\\n"," \\\n"," \\\n"," ___-------___\n"," _-~~ ~~-_\n"," _-~ /~-_\n"," /^\\__/^\\ /~ \\ / \\\n"," /| O|| O| / \\_______________/ \\\n"," | |___||__| / / \\ \\\n"," | \\ / / \\ \\\n"," | (_______) /______/ \\_________ \\\n"," | / / \\ / \\\n"," \\ \\^\\\\ \\ / \\ /\n"," \\ || \\______________/ _-_ //\\__//\n"," \\ ||------_-~~-_ ------------- \\ --/~ ~\\ || __/\n"," ~-----||====/~ |==================| |/~~~~~\n"," (_(__/ ./ / \\_\\ \\.\n"," (_(___/ \\_____)_)\n"]}],"source":["import cowsay\n","\n","out = input(\"The cow says: \")\n","cowsay.cow(out)\n","cowsay.turtle(out)"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"84604f0d","metadata":{},"source":["

Application Program Interface - API, using request

\n","

This allows you to connect to code from others, to install this:

\n","\n","

Lets try this with iTunes"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":2,"id":"6623bb44","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["{'resultCount': 1, 'results': [{'wrapperType': 'track', 'kind': 'song', 'artistId': 15201848, 'collectionId': 405926181, 'trackId': 405926184, 'artistName': 'Martin Solveig & Dragonette', 'collectionName': 'Hello - Single', 'trackName': 'Hello', 'collectionCensoredName': 'Hello - Single', 'trackCensoredName': 'Hello', 'artistViewUrl': 'https://music.apple.com/us/artist/martin-solveig/15201848?uo=4', 'collectionViewUrl': 'https://music.apple.com/us/album/hello/405926181?i=405926184&uo=4', 'trackViewUrl': 'https://music.apple.com/us/album/hello/405926181?i=405926184&uo=4', 'previewUrl': 'https://audio-ssl.itunes.apple.com/itunes-assets/AudioPreview126/v4/f5/57/2a/f5572a43-d254-80f1-edd8-1051a232d64d/mzaf_4083906122883221109.plus.aac.p.m4a', 'artworkUrl30': 'https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music125/v4/89/77/46/897746b8-3d89-c551-4359-7aa440b67b69/mzi.clkeppje.jpg/30x30bb.jpg', 'artworkUrl60': 'https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music125/v4/89/77/46/897746b8-3d89-c551-4359-7aa440b67b69/mzi.clkeppje.jpg/60x60bb.jpg', 'artworkUrl100': 'https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music125/v4/89/77/46/897746b8-3d89-c551-4359-7aa440b67b69/mzi.clkeppje.jpg/100x100bb.jpg', 'collectionPrice': 1.29, 'trackPrice': 1.29, 'releaseDate': '2010-09-06T07:00:00Z', 'collectionExplicitness': 'notExplicit', 'trackExplicitness': 'notExplicit', 'discCount': 1, 'discNumber': 1, 'trackCount': 1, 'trackNumber': 1, 'trackTimeMillis': 281430, 'country': 'USA', 'currency': 'USD', 'primaryGenreName': 'Dance', 'isStreamable': True}]}\n"]}],"source":["import requests\n","\n","song = input(\"Enter the song you want to search for: \")\n","\n","response = requests.get(\"https://itunes.apple.com/search?entity=song&limit=1&term=\" + song)\n","print(response.json())"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"8b582480","metadata":{},"source":["Lets try to make som sense of the JSON data we just got using json.dumps"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":3,"id":"bc012588","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["{\n"," \"resultCount\": 1,\n"," \"results\": [\n"," {\n"," \"wrapperType\": \"track\",\n"," \"kind\": \"song\",\n"," \"artistId\": 15201848,\n"," \"collectionId\": 405926181,\n"," \"trackId\": 405926184,\n"," \"artistName\": \"Martin Solveig & Dragonette\",\n"," \"collectionName\": \"Hello - Single\",\n"," \"trackName\": \"Hello\",\n"," \"collectionCensoredName\": \"Hello - Single\",\n"," \"trackCensoredName\": \"Hello\",\n"," \"artistViewUrl\": \"https://music.apple.com/us/artist/martin-solveig/15201848?uo=4\",\n"," \"collectionViewUrl\": \"https://music.apple.com/us/album/hello/405926181?i=405926184&uo=4\",\n"," \"trackViewUrl\": \"https://music.apple.com/us/album/hello/405926181?i=405926184&uo=4\",\n"," \"previewUrl\": \"https://audio-ssl.itunes.apple.com/itunes-assets/AudioPreview126/v4/f5/57/2a/f5572a43-d254-80f1-edd8-1051a232d64d/mzaf_4083906122883221109.plus.aac.p.m4a\",\n"," \"artworkUrl30\": \"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music125/v4/89/77/46/897746b8-3d89-c551-4359-7aa440b67b69/mzi.clkeppje.jpg/30x30bb.jpg\",\n"," \"artworkUrl60\": \"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music125/v4/89/77/46/897746b8-3d89-c551-4359-7aa440b67b69/mzi.clkeppje.jpg/60x60bb.jpg\",\n"," \"artworkUrl100\": \"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music125/v4/89/77/46/897746b8-3d89-c551-4359-7aa440b67b69/mzi.clkeppje.jpg/100x100bb.jpg\",\n"," \"collectionPrice\": 1.29,\n"," \"trackPrice\": 1.29,\n"," \"releaseDate\": \"2010-09-06T07:00:00Z\",\n"," \"collectionExplicitness\": \"notExplicit\",\n"," \"trackExplicitness\": \"notExplicit\",\n"," \"discCount\": 1,\n"," \"discNumber\": 1,\n"," \"trackCount\": 1,\n"," \"trackNumber\": 1,\n"," \"trackTimeMillis\": 281430,\n"," \"country\": \"USA\",\n"," \"currency\": \"USD\",\n"," \"primaryGenreName\": \"Dance\",\n"," \"isStreamable\": true\n"," }\n"," ]\n","}\n"]}],"source":["import requests\n","import json\n","\n","song = input(\"Enter the song you want to search for: \")\n","\n","response = requests.get(\"https://itunes.apple.com/search?entity=song&limit=1&term=\" + song)\n","print(json.dumps(response.json(), indent=2))"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"bccd217e","metadata":{},"source":["Hmmm... lets narrow it a bit more by just getting the trackname, but also enable the user to choose number of results"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":4,"id":"df4325d8","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["Martin Solveig & Dragonette : Hello\n","Karmin : Brokenhearted\n","Karmin : Hello\n","Zooey Deschanel : Hello\n","Kelly Clarkson : Hello\n"]}],"source":["import requests\n","import json\n","\n","song = input(\"Enter the song you want to search for: \")\n","count = input(\"How nay results: \")\n","\n","response = requests.get(\"https://itunes.apple.com/search?entity=song&limit=\" + count +\"&term=\" + song)\n","tracks = response.json()\n","for result in tracks[\"results\"]:\n"," print(result[\"artistName\"],\": \",result[\"trackName\"])"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"19a34a0d","metadata":{},"source":["

Creating your own libraries

\n","

This is a great feature for sving usable code for later use. Just create an external file(in this case mylib.py) and enter the code you want to use

\n","
\n","\n","#This is the code I've saved in the external file mylib.py:\n","\n","\n","
\n","

Lets try to use this by importing the library/file

"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":16,"id":"ba71bff8","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[{"name":"stdout","output_type":"stream","text":["Hi there Pelle\n","Bye bye Pelle\n"]}],"source":["import mylib\n","person = input(\"Who are you: \")\n","mylib.hello(person)\n","mylib.bye(person)"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"1738ab2a","metadata":{},"source":["We could also just import a separate function, and this way we don't need to tell the name of the library when we use the function. If we instead use from mylib import *. This is a bit dangerous though, it can lead to redefiniton of built in function for instance"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":null,"id":"38bb5e05","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[],"source":[]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":17,"id":"8f73e4e2","metadata":{"trusted":false},"outputs":[],"source":["from mylib import hello, bye\n","person = input(\"Who are you: \")\n","hello(person)\n","bye(person)"]}],"metadata":{"kernelspec":{"display_name":"Python 3","language":"python","name":"python3"},"language_info":{"codemirror_mode":{"name":"ipython","version":3},"file_extension":".py","mimetype":"text/x-python","name":"python","nbconvert_exporter":"python","pygments_lexer":"ipython3","version":"3.11.4"}},"nbformat":4,"nbformat_minor":5}